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The Generals: American Military Command from World War II to Today

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The Generals by Thomas E. Ricks is a critical analysis tracing the history of American generalship from World War II to the present day. The book focuses on the Army's command structures, highlighting the promotion of incompetent generals without strategic vision and the lack of accountability in firing failing generals. Ricks uses historical examples and biographical sketches to argue for a reform in the education and selection of Army generals, emphasizing the importance of accountability, intellectual vigor, and strategic thinking in military leadership.

Writing/Prose:

The author's prose is accessible and engaging, utilizing an active voice and compelling arguments, while weaving in historical anecdotes.

Plot/Storyline:

The book explores the evolution of military leadership in the U.S. Army from WWII to the present, emphasizing the change in accountability and leadership failures across different conflicts.

Setting:

The setting encompasses American military history, focusing on conflicts from WWII through modern engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Pacing:

The pacing is generally fast, with a structured layout that divides the narrative into distinct sections, maintaining engagement with detailed yet brisk storytelling.
It is not mentioned much nowadays that for the United States, World War II began with a series of dismissals across the top ranks of the military. Less than two weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor ...

Notes:

George Marshall's leadership style emphasized accountability and the ability to relieve underperforming generals, contrasting with later practices that often protected poor performers.
In World War II, Marshall relieved 16 out of 155 division commanders when they failed to meet expectations, prioritizing military effectiveness.
The book critiques the reluctance to fire generals after World War II, contributing to prolonged conflicts and unnecessary casualties in later wars.
MacArthur is highlighted as a bad commander, noted for his narcissism and ineffectiveness during the Korean War.
Vietnam demonstrated poor command oversight, with few senior generals being relieved despite major failures, resulting in strategy mishaps and atrocities like the My Lai Massacre.
Ricks argues that after World War II, a culture of careerism took over the military, leading to mediocre leadership.
Leadership and strategic vision in the military declined after the Korean War, as relieved generals were often just reassigned instead of fired.
General William Westmoreland is criticized for falling back on outdated tactics and failing to understand the strategic complexities of the Vietnam War.
The book underscores the importance of education and strategic thinking for military leaders, advocating for more intellectual rigor in training.
The portrayal of modern generals suggests they prioritize management skills over genuine military strategy, raising concerns about their effectiveness in complex conflicts.

From The Publisher:

History has been kinder to the American generals of World War II-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley-than to the generals of the wars that followed. Is this merely nostalgia? Here, Thomas E. Ricks answers the question definitively: No, it is not, in no small part because of a widening gulf between performance and accountability.

During World War II, scores of American generals were relieved of command simply for not being good enough.

In The Generals we meet great leaders and suspect ones, generals who rose to the occasion and those who failed themselves and their soldiers. Marshall and Eisenhower cast long shadows over this story, but no single figure is more inspiring than Marine General O. P. Smith, whose fighting retreat from the Chinese onslaught into Korea in 1950 snatched a kind of victory from the jaws of annihilation. But Smith's courage and genius in the face of one of the grimmest scenarios the marines have ever faced only cast the shortcomings of the people who put him there in sharper relief.

If Korea showed the first signs of a culture that neither punished mediocrity nor particularly rewarded daring, the Vietnam War saw American military leadership bottom out. In the wake of Vietnam, a battle for the soul of the US Army was waged with impressive success. It became a transformed institution, reinvigorated from the bottom up. But if the body was highly toned, its head still suffered from familiar problems, resulting in tactically savvy but strategically obtuse leadership that would win battles but end wars badly.

Ricks has made a close study of America's military leaders for three decades, and in his hands this story resounds with larger meaning: the transmission of values, strategic thinking, the difference between an organization that learns and one that fails. Military history of the highest quality, The Generals is also essential reading for anyone with an interest in the difference between good leaders and bad ones.

October 2012
634 pages

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